Old Unuvi - Revision history

Unuvun Rain: /* Verbs */

2019-11-23T04:01:53Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:01, 22 November 2019
Line 393:		Line 393:

	:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''		:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''
	:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT.~~GRN~~ FUT</small>		:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT.1GRN FUT</small>
	:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"		:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"

	===Table===		===Table===
			Verbs whose stems ended in a vowel — '-au', '-uu', and '-iu' verbs — had an 'n' inserted between the two vowels when conjugating.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Example conjugation table for Old Unuvi verb ''laku'' (to worship)		\|+ Example conjugation table for Old Unuvi verb ''laku'' (to worship)
Line 461:		Line 462:

	===Aspect===		===Aspect===
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"
	\|+ Aspects in Old Unuvi<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect#Terms_for_various_aspects</ref>		\|+ Aspects in Old Unuvi<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect#Terms_for_various_aspects</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	! Aspect !! Old Unuvi !! English		! style="width: 10%;"\| Aspect
	\|-		! style="width: 45%;"\| Old Unuvi
	~~\| Perfective \|\| Expressed via inflection (<small>PER</small>)\|\| 'I struck the bell' (an event viewed in its entirety, without reference to its temporal structure during its occurrence)~~		! style="width: 45%;"\| English
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Momentane~~ \|\| \|\| '~~The mouse squeaked once~~' (~~contrasted~~ to ~~'The mouse squeaked / was squeaking'~~)		\| Perfective \|\| ''thaqar ru qikpiika rana''<br><small>bell ACC struck.PER.1GR PST</small>\|\| 'I struck the bell' (an event viewed in its entirety, without reference to its temporal structure during its occurrence)
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Perfect~~ \|\| ~~Expressed via inflection (~~<small>~~RET~~</small>)\|\| ~~(a common conflation of aspect and tense):~~ 'I ~~have arrived~~' (~~brings attention~~ to the ~~consequences of a situation in~~ the ~~past~~)		\| Momentane \|\| ''thaqar ru kngaq qikpiika rana''<br><small>bell ACC once struck.PER.1GR PST</small>\|\| 'I struck the bell once' (contrasted to 'I struck the bell / was striking the bell')
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Recent perfect~~\|\| \|\| ~~also known as after perfect~~: 'I ~~just ate' or 'I am after eating~~' (~~Hiberno-English~~)		\| Perfect \|\| ''thaqar ru qikpiikita''<br><small>bell ACC struck.RET.1GR</small>\|\| (a common conflation of aspect and tense): 'I have struck the bell' (brings attention to the consequences of a situation in the past)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Discontinuous past\|\| \|\| In English a sentence such as "I put it on the table" is neutral in implication (the object could still be on the table or not), but in some languages such as Chichewa the equivalent tense carries an implication that the object is no longer there. It is thus the opposite of the perfect aspect.		\| Discontinuous past\|\| No simple construct \|\| In English a sentence such as "I put it on the table" is neutral in implication (the object could still be on the table or not), but in some languages such as Chichewa the equivalent tense carries an implication that the object is no longer there. It is thus the opposite of the perfect aspect.
	\|-		\|-
	\| Prospective \|\| \|\| (a conflation of aspect and tense): 'He is about to fall', 'I am going to cry" (brings attention to the anticipation of an imminent future situation)		\| Prospective \|\| ''mangmulu uthumpatii''<br><small>cry go.IMP.CONT.1GR</small>\|\| (a conflation of aspect and tense): 'He is about to fall', 'I am going to cry" (brings attention to the anticipation of an imminent future situation)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Imperfective		\| Imperfective
	\| rowspan="2" \| ~~Expressed via inflection (~~<small>IMP</small>)\|\| (an activity with ongoing nature: combines the meanings of both the continuous and the habitual aspects): 'I was walking to work' (continuous) or 'I walked (used to walk, would walk) to work every day' (habitual).		\| rowspan="2" \| ''thath knguullaa, kaap kit ngmuumi kaam qiliimumpa''<br><small>every day, work ABL home ALL walk.IMP.HAB.1GR</small>\|\| (an activity with ongoing nature: combines the meanings of both the continuous and the habitual aspects): 'I was walking to work' (continuous) or 'I walked (used to walk, would walk) to work every day' (habitual).
	\|-		\|-
	\| Imperfective Habitual \|\| 'I used to walk home from work', 'I would walk home from work every day', 'I walk home from work every day' (a subtype of imperfective)		\| Imperfective Habitual \|\| 'I used to walk home from work', 'I would walk home from work every day', 'I walk home from work every day' (a subtype of imperfective)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Imperfective Continuous		\| Imperfective Continuous
	\| rowspan="3" \| ~~Expressed via inflection (~~<~~small~~>~~CONT~~</small>) \|\| 'I am eating' or 'I know' (situation is described as ongoing and either evolving or unevolving; a subtype of imperfective)		\| rowspan="3" \| ''ptiiwunimpathii''<br><small>eat.IMP.CNT.1GR \|\| 'I am eating' or 'I know' (situation is described as ongoing and either evolving or unevolving; a subtype of imperfective)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Imperfective Continuous Progressive\|\| 'I am eating' (action is described as ongoing and evolving; a subtype of continuous)		\| Imperfective Continuous Progressive\|\| 'I am eating' (action is described as ongoing and evolving; a subtype of continuous)
Line 490:		Line 491:
	\| Imperfective Continuous Stative \|\| 'I know French' (situation is described as ongoing but not evolving; a subtype of continuous)		\| Imperfective Continuous Stative \|\| 'I know French' (situation is described as ongoing but not evolving; a subtype of continuous)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Gnomic \|\| \|\| 'Fish swim and birds fly' (general truths)		\| Gnomic \|\| ''luuluthuka nqiluulu maawutumpallati, tiimpithuka nqiluulu qiqiniitutumpallati''<br><small>fish.PL definitely swim.POT.IMP.CNT.3FR, bird.PL definitely fly.POT.IMP.CNT.3HV\|\| 'Fish swim and birds fly' (general truths)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Episodic \|\| \|\| 'The bird flew' (non-gnomic)		\| Episodic \|\| ''tiimpi qiqiitall rana''<br><small>bird fly.PER.3HV PST</small>\|\| 'The bird flew' (non-gnomic)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Continuative \|\| \|\| 'I am still eating'		\| Continuative \|\| ''knguuth pitwunumpathii''<br><small>still eat.IMP.CNT.1GR \|\| 'I am still eating'
	\|-		\|-
	\| Inceptive \|\| \|\| 'I started to run' (beginning of a new action: dynamic)		\| Inceptive
			\| rowspan="2" \| ''ungmu thakpaamina rana''<br><small>run start.PER.1GR PST</small>\|\| 'I started to run' (beginning of a new action: dynamic)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Inchoative \|\| \|\| 'The flowers started to bloom' (beginning of a new state: static)		\| Inchoative \|\| 'The flowers started to bloom' (beginning of a new state: static)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Terminative \|\| \|\| 'I finished ~~eating/reading~~'		\| Terminative \|\| ''ungmu ptiillina''<br><small>run finish.PER.1GR</small>\|\| 'I finished running'
	\|-		\|-
	\| Defective \|\| \|\| 'I almost fell'		\| Defective \|\| ''kpaq llakana rana''<br><small>almost fall.PER.1GR PST</small>\|\| 'I almost fell'
	\|-		\|-
	\| Pausative \|\| \|\| 'I ~~stopped working~~ for a while'		\| Pausative \|\| ''riingilu raqa rana''<br><small>temporarily rest.PER.1GR PST</small>\|\| 'I rested for a while'
	\|-		\|-
	\| Resumptive \|\| \|\| 'I resumed sleeping'		\| Resumptive \|\| \|\| 'I resumed sleeping'
Line 532:		Line 534:
	\| Attenuative \|\| \|\| 'It glimmered'		\| Attenuative \|\| \|\| 'It glimmered'
	\|-		\|-
	\| Segmentative \|\| \|\| 'It is coming out in successive multitudes'		\| Segmentative \|\| No simple construct \|\| 'It is coming out in successive multitudes'
	\|}		\|}

Unuvun Rain: /* Verbs */

2019-11-23T03:04:46Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 22 November 2019
Line 393:		Line 393:

	:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''		:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''
	:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT.~~HVN~~ FUT</small>		:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT.GRN FUT</small>
	:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"		:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"

Unuvun Rain: /* Verbs */

2019-11-23T03:04:33Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 22 November 2019
Line 393:		Line 393:

	:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''		:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''
	:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT FUT</small>		:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT.HVN FUT</small>
	:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"		:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"

Unuvun Rain: /* Verbs */

2019-11-23T03:04:01Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 22 November 2019
Line 393:		Line 393:

	:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''		:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''
	:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT FUT		:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT FUT</small>
	:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"		:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"

Unuvun Rain: /* Verbs */

2019-11-23T03:03:54Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:03, 22 November 2019
Line 390:		Line 390:

	==Verbs==		==Verbs==
	Old Unuvi employed a strict verb-~~initial word order~~. However, questions were phrased by moving the verb to the ~~end~~. All verbs in Old Unuvi ended in ''-a'', and were conjugated according to a complex fusional grammar. Number was added on to the end of the fusional verb in a regular pattern. Verbs were not conjugated<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amo#Latin</ref> for tense, but rather for aspect and mood<ref>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Conlang/Intermediate/Grammar/Verbs</ref>		Old Unuvi employed a strict verb-final. However, questions were phrased by moving the verb to the beginning. All verbs in Old Unuvi ended in ''-u'', and were conjugated according to a complex fusional grammar. Number was added on to the end of the fusional verb in a regular pattern. Verbs were not conjugated<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amo#Latin</ref> for tense, but rather for aspect and mood<ref>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Conlang/Intermediate/Grammar/Verbs</ref>

	:''ngmiit tha ~~kngulluungm~~ nat ~~laakutumpathiiluu~~ kim''		:''ngmiit tha kngulluungmuu nat laakutumpathii kim''
			:<small>I NOM god.OCT ACC worship.POT.IMP.CONT FUT
	:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"		:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"

Unuvun Rain: /* Verbs */

2019-11-23T01:04:03Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:04, 22 November 2019
Line 391:		Line 391:
	==Verbs==		==Verbs==
	Old Unuvi employed a strict verb-initial word order. However, questions were phrased by moving the verb to the end. All verbs in Old Unuvi ended in ''-a'', and were conjugated according to a complex fusional grammar. Number was added on to the end of the fusional verb in a regular pattern. Verbs were not conjugated<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amo#Latin</ref> for tense, but rather for aspect and mood<ref>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Conlang/Intermediate/Grammar/Verbs</ref>		Old Unuvi employed a strict verb-initial word order. However, questions were phrased by moving the verb to the end. All verbs in Old Unuvi ended in ''-a'', and were conjugated according to a complex fusional grammar. Number was added on to the end of the fusional verb in a regular pattern. Verbs were not conjugated<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amo#Latin</ref> for tense, but rather for aspect and mood<ref>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Conlang/Intermediate/Grammar/Verbs</ref>

			:''ngmiit tha kngulluungm nat laakutumpathiiluu kim''
			:"There may be a point in the future where I will have been worshiping eight gods ascending into enlightenment"

	===Table===		===Table===

Unuvun Rain: /* Tense */

2019-11-23T01:02:22Z

Tense

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:02, 22 November 2019
Line 448:		Line 448:
	! Tense !! Old Unuvi !! English		! Tense !! Old Unuvi !! English
	\|-		\|-
	\| Past \|\| \|\| 'I ate cheese'		\| Past \|\| rana (distant past)\|\| 'I ate cheese'
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| Present \|\| \|\| 'I eat cheese'~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| Future \|\| \|\| 'I will eat cheese'		\| Present \|\| (No marking) \|\| 'I eat cheese'
			\|-
			\| Future \|\| kim \|\| 'I will eat cheese'
	\|}		\|}

Unuvun Rain: /* Verbs */

2019-11-23T00:57:45Z

Verbs

@@ Line 391: / Line 391: @@
 ==Verbs==
 Old Unuvi employed a strict verb-initial word order. However, questions were phrased by moving the verb to the end. All verbs in Old Unuvi ended in ''-a'', and were conjugated according to a complex fusional grammar. Number was added on to the end of the fusional verb in a regular pattern. Verbs were not conjugated<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amo#Latin</ref> for tense, but rather for aspect and mood<ref>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Conlang/Intermediate/Grammar/Verbs</ref>
 ===Tense===
-Auxillary verbs.
+{| class="wikitable"
-===Aspects===
+===Aspect===
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+ Aspects in Old Unuvi<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect#Terms_for_various_aspects</ref>
 |-
-! Aspect !! Unuvi !! English
+! Aspect !! Old Unuvi !! English
 |-
 | Perfective || Expressed via inflection (<small>PER</small>)|| 'I struck the bell' (an event viewed in its entirety, without reference to its temporal structure during its occurrence)
@@ Line 469: / Line 529: @@
 | Segmentative || || 'It is coming out in successive multitudes'
 |}
 ==References==

Unuvun Rain: /* Verbs */

2019-11-22T23:38:25Z

Verbs

@@ Line 390: / Line 390: @@
 ==Verbs==
-Old Unuvi employed a strict verb-initial word order. However, questions were phrased by moving the verb to the end. All verbs in Old Unuvi ended in ''-a'', and were conjugated according to a complex fusional grammar. Number was added on to the end of the fusional verb in a regular pattern. Verbs were not conjugated<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amo#Latin</ref> for tense, but rather for aspect and mood<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect#Terms_for_various_aspects</ref><ref>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Conlang/Intermediate/Grammar/Verbs</ref>
+Old Unuvi employed a strict verb-initial word order. However, questions were phrased by moving the verb to the end. All verbs in Old Unuvi ended in ''-a'', and were conjugated according to a complex fusional grammar. Number was added on to the end of the fusional verb in a regular pattern. Verbs were not conjugated<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amo#Latin</ref> for tense, but rather for aspect and mood<ref>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Conlang/Intermediate/Grammar/Verbs</ref>
 ==References==

Unuvun Rain: /* Correlatives */

2019-11-22T23:04:43Z

Correlatives

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 22 November 2019
Line 386:		Line 386:
	\|}		\|}
	<sup>1</sup> The 3rd person obviative heavenly gender pronoun was the base for assertive existential correlatives. One could think of it as "the heavens, far away, are known to exist".		<sup>1</sup> The 3rd person obviative heavenly gender pronoun was the base for assertive existential correlatives. One could think of it as "the heavens, far away, are known to exist".

	<sup>2</sup> The 3rd person obviative foreign gender pronoun was the base for elective correlatives. One could think of it as "some foreign thing, far away, which may or may not exist."		<sup>2</sup> The 3rd person obviative foreign gender pronoun was the base for elective correlatives. One could think of it as "some foreign thing, far away, which may or may not exist."