Classical Htaevic: Difference between revisions

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== Early Htaevic ==
== Early Htaevic ==


Early Htaevic was spoken around ~6,400 Y, and was the language spoken when Hotsan Gget developed the hlunliw writing system in the imperial court. Hotsan Gget developed a complex writing system. Since Early Htaevic had many diverse syllable onsets - some of them quite long as in the case of "lmtsa" and "tnsan" - hlunliw writing made very heavy use of the rebus principle, with many logograms being reused as radicals for their onsets' sounds.
Early Htaevic was spoken around ~6,400 Y, and was the language spoken when [[Hotsan Gget]] developed the [[Hlunliw]] writing system in the imperial court. Hotsan Gget developed a complex writing system. Since Early Htaevic had many diverse syllable onsets - some of them quite long as in the case of "lmtsa" and "tnsan" (both sesquisyllables treated as single syllables) - [[Hlunliw]] writing made very heavy use of the rebus principle, with many logograms being reused as radicals for their sounds. In multisyllabic words, the sounds of the ''stressed'' syllable were used.


Early Htaevic was written top-bottom left-right, like a mirror of traditional Chinese and Japanese writing styles. Individual glyphs were written in top-left, top-right, bottom-right, center, and then botom-left order.
Early Htaevic was written top-bottom left-right, like a mirror of traditional Chinese and Japanese writing styles. Individual glyphs were highly stylized.
 
=== Phonology ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Consonants
! Bilabial
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! Nasal
| m
| n
| (ɲ)
| ŋ
|
|-
! Stops
| p b
| t d
| c (ɟ)
| k g
|
|-
! Fricatives
| f v
| s z
| ç ʝ
| x ɣ
| h
|-
! Affricates
|
| ts
|
|
|
|-
! Approximates
| ʋ†
| l
| j
| w
|
|}
 
†Represented by <r>, this phoneme has a large allophonic range such as <r> - [ʋ~ʋ͡ɺˠ~ɺ~ɹ~ɾ]. Ethnic Hsuqliht typically used the [ɺ~ɹ~ɾ] pronunciations, with [ɾ] by far being the most common realisation.
 
/q/ and /θ/ also may occur in borrowings from [[Ancient Succlythian]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Vowels
! Front
! Mid
! Back
|-
! Close
| i
|
| u
|-
! Mid
| e
| ə
| o
|-
! Open
|
| a
|
|}
 
Diphthongs: aw, iw, uw, ew
 
==== Consonant Clusters ====
 
There are many consonant clusters in Classical Htaevic. They are of the form CC(j) where the first consonant may be any of /m, ŋ, p, t, c, k, s, ç, h, ts, ʋ, l, j, w/ and the second consonant any of /p, b, t, d, c, ɟ, k, g, v, z, ʝ, ɣ, ɦ, ts, ʋ, l, j, w/, optionally followed by /j/.
 
There are also sesquisyllables of the form CNC(j)X where C is any consonant, N is a syllabic nasal /m, n, ŋ/, and X is the syllable coda e.g. /lm.tsa/ and /tn.san/. These are sometimes also consider consonant clusters, as the script treats them as one consonant cluster.
=== Grammar ===
'''Verbs'''
 
recent past perfect - Verb + byakë
 
recent past imperfect - Verb + kuwm
 
'''Pronouns'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Pronoun
!Nominative
!Accusative
|-
!First Person Singular
|san
|suwn
|-
!First Person Dual
|sanzan
|bakë
|-
!First Person Plural
|unyë
|tsa
|-
!Second Person Singular
|tsaw
|tsaw
|-
!Second Person Dual
|tsawghaw
|tsawghaw
|-
!Second Person Plural
|rang
|bim
|-
!Third Person Singular
|hyawm
|hyuwm
|-
!Third Person Dual
|hyawmawm
|hyuwmchom
|-
!Third Person Plural
|hla
|ti
|-
!Polite Singular
|tsyaghë
|kyuwkh
|-
!Polite Dual
|chirë
|chicherë
|-
!Polite Plural
|hlamë
|timë
|}
 
=== Evolution of Hlunliw ===
 
* Originated around 6,400 Y during the Alotsë dynasty
* Expanded into a full writing system around 6,700 Y under the guidance of the priest class. Continues undergoing various simplifications.
* Solidified around 7,100 Y during the Hsuqliht invasions into [[Classical Hlunliw]]. The Hsuqlihtans readily adopted the script and wrote many works in it in both Htaevic and Hsuqliht.
* Gradually split off into several closely related scripts until the rise of the [[Second Htaevic Empire]] around 8,600 Y, where <Squid Htaevic?> became the dominant form throughout much of the Htaevic Rouge. This form of the script underwent slow changes until the collapse of the Second Htaevic Empire around 9,000 Y. Since then, it has remained almost the same and become widespread throughout the world as a sort of 'written lingua franca'.

Latest revision as of 21:06, 16 October 2024

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Early Htaevic

Early Htaevic was spoken around ~6,400 Y, and was the language spoken when Hotsan Gget developed the Hlunliw writing system in the imperial court. Hotsan Gget developed a complex writing system. Since Early Htaevic had many diverse syllable onsets - some of them quite long as in the case of "lmtsa" and "tnsan" (both sesquisyllables treated as single syllables) - Hlunliw writing made very heavy use of the rebus principle, with many logograms being reused as radicals for their sounds. In multisyllabic words, the sounds of the stressed syllable were used.

Early Htaevic was written top-bottom left-right, like a mirror of traditional Chinese and Japanese writing styles. Individual glyphs were highly stylized.

Phonology

Consonants Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n (ɲ) ŋ
Stops p b t d c (ɟ) k g
Fricatives f v s z ç ʝ x ɣ h
Affricates ts
Approximates ʋ† l j w

†Represented by <r>, this phoneme has a large allophonic range such as <r> - [ʋ~ʋ͡ɺˠ~ɺ~ɹ~ɾ]. Ethnic Hsuqliht typically used the [ɺ~ɹ~ɾ] pronunciations, with [ɾ] by far being the most common realisation.

/q/ and /θ/ also may occur in borrowings from Ancient Succlythian

Vowels Front Mid Back
Close i u
Mid e ə o
Open a

Diphthongs: aw, iw, uw, ew

Consonant Clusters

There are many consonant clusters in Classical Htaevic. They are of the form CC(j) where the first consonant may be any of /m, ŋ, p, t, c, k, s, ç, h, ts, ʋ, l, j, w/ and the second consonant any of /p, b, t, d, c, ɟ, k, g, v, z, ʝ, ɣ, ɦ, ts, ʋ, l, j, w/, optionally followed by /j/.

There are also sesquisyllables of the form CNC(j)X where C is any consonant, N is a syllabic nasal /m, n, ŋ/, and X is the syllable coda e.g. /lm.tsa/ and /tn.san/. These are sometimes also consider consonant clusters, as the script treats them as one consonant cluster.

Grammar

Verbs

recent past perfect - Verb + byakë

recent past imperfect - Verb + kuwm

Pronouns

Pronoun Nominative Accusative
First Person Singular san suwn
First Person Dual sanzan bakë
First Person Plural unyë tsa
Second Person Singular tsaw tsaw
Second Person Dual tsawghaw tsawghaw
Second Person Plural rang bim
Third Person Singular hyawm hyuwm
Third Person Dual hyawmawm hyuwmchom
Third Person Plural hla ti
Polite Singular tsyaghë kyuwkh
Polite Dual chirë chicherë
Polite Plural hlamë timë

Evolution of Hlunliw

  • Originated around 6,400 Y during the Alotsë dynasty
  • Expanded into a full writing system around 6,700 Y under the guidance of the priest class. Continues undergoing various simplifications.
  • Solidified around 7,100 Y during the Hsuqliht invasions into Classical Hlunliw. The Hsuqlihtans readily adopted the script and wrote many works in it in both Htaevic and Hsuqliht.
  • Gradually split off into several closely related scripts until the rise of the Second Htaevic Empire around 8,600 Y, where <Squid Htaevic?> became the dominant form throughout much of the Htaevic Rouge. This form of the script underwent slow changes until the collapse of the Second Htaevic Empire around 9,000 Y. Since then, it has remained almost the same and become widespread throughout the world as a sort of 'written lingua franca'.