Old Unuvi: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:52, 19 November 2019

Old Unuvi is the oldest form of the Unuvi language, attested in documents from the 84th century.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants	Bilabial	Dental	Velar	Uvular
Plosive	k͡p p ⟨kp p⟩	t̪ t̪̻ ⟨t t₂⟩	k ⟨k⟩	q ⟨q⟩
Nasal	ŋ͡m m ⟨n₂m m⟩	n̪ ⟨n⟩	ŋ ⟨n₂⟩	ɴ ⟨n₃⟩
Tap/Flap		ɺ̻ ⟨r⟩
Approximant		l̪ ⟨l⟩	ɰ ⟨w⟩	ʟ̠ ⟨l₂⟩

Vowels

Speakers of Old Unuvi associated each point of vowel articulation with a gender. ⟨i⟩ was associated with the green gender, ⟨a⟩ with the foreign gender and ⟨u⟩ with the heavenly gender.

Vowels in Old Unuvi
Vowels	Front	Back
Close	i i: ⟨i ii⟩
Open	ɯ ɯ: ⟨u uu⟩	a a: ⟨a aa⟩

Grammar

Pronouns

Old Unuvi had a set of pronouns with marked gender and grammatical person. The language did not mark number on the pronouns.

Pronouns in Old Unuvi
	Green	Foreign	Heavenly
1st Person	ngmiit	kpi	llaa
2nd Person	ptu	lar	thiim
3rd Person	ptii	ptaa	ptuu

@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 ===Pronouns===
-Old Unuvi had a complex set of '''personal pronouns'''. Green and foreign pronouns have both a short form and a longer form with an attached ''-kpa''. Heavenly pronouns have both a short form and a longer form with prefixed ''u-'' (''un-'' in front of vowels).
+Old Unuvi had a set of pronouns with marked gender and grammatical person. The language did not mark number on the pronouns.
-{| class="wikitable"
-|-
-|+ Old Unuvi pronouns
-! !! Green (G) !! Foreign (F) !! Heavenly (H)
-|-
-! Singular (SG)
-| ''l<sub>2</sub>aa(kpa)'' || ''pi(kpa)'' || ''(un)lii''
-|-
-! Dual (DU)
-| ''t<sub>2</sub>a(kpa)'' || ''ni(kpa)'' || ''(un)ma''
-|-
-! Plural (PL)
-| ''t<sub>2</sub>at<sub>2</sub>a(kpa)'' || ''ki(kpa)'' || ''(un)kii''
-|}
-In addition to personal pronouns, there was a highly complex set of '''demonstrative pronouns''' conjugated for gender.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-|+Demonstratives in Old Unuvi
+|+ Pronouns in Old Unuvi
-! rowspan="2" |
+! !! Green !! Foreign !! Heavenly
-! colspan="3" | Proximal !! colspan="3" | Medial !! colspan="3" | Distal !! colspan="3" | Interrogative
-|-
-! {{small|Green}} || {{small|Foreign}} || {{small|Heavenly}} || {{small|Green}} || {{small|Foreign}} || {{small|Heavenly}} || {{small|Green}} || {{small|Foreign}} || {{small|Heavenly}} || {{small|Green}} || {{small|Foreign}} || {{small|Heavenly}}
 |-
-! Nominal
+| 1st Person || ngmiit || kpi || llaa
-| ''ikit<sub>2</sub>u(kpa)'' || ''akit<sub>2</sub>u(kpa)''|| ''(un)ukit<sub>2</sub>u'' || ''imit<sub>2</sub>u(kpa)'' || ''amit<sub>2</sub>u(kpa)''|| ''(un)umit<sub>2</sub>u'' || ''ilit<sub>2</sub>u(kpa)'' || ''alit<sub>2</sub>u(kpa)''|| ''(un)ulit<sub>2</sub>u'' || ''itit<sub>2</sub>u(kpa)'' || ''atit<sub>2</sub>u(kpa)''|| ''(un)utit<sub>2</sub>u''
 |-
-! Location
+| 2nd Person || ptu || lar || thiim
-| ''ikil<sub>2</sub>a''|| ''akil<sub>2</sub>a''|| ''ukil<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''imil<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''amil<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''uiml<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''ilil<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''alil<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''ulil<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''itil<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''atil<sub>2</sub>a'' || ''util<sub>2</sub>a''
 |-
-! Direction
+| 3rd Person || ptii || ptaa || ptuu
-| ''ikirii''|| ''akirii''|| ''ukirii''|| ''imirii''|| ''amirii''|| ''umirii''|| ''ilirii'' || ''alirii'' || ''ulirii'' || ''itirii'' || ''atirii'' || ''atirii''
 |}