Old Unuvi

Old Unuvi is the oldest form of the Unuvi language, attested in documents from the 84th century.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants	Bilabial	Dental	Velar	Uvular
Plosive	k͡p p ⟨kp p⟩	t̪ t̪̻ ⟨t th⟩	k ⟨k⟩	q ⟨q⟩
Nasal	ŋ͡m m ⟨ngm m⟩	n̪ ⟨n⟩	ŋ ⟨ng⟩	ɴ ⟨nq⟩
Tap/Flap		ɺ̻ ⟨r⟩
Approximant		l̪ ⟨l⟩	ɰ ⟨w⟩	ʟ̠ ⟨l2⟩

Vowels

Speakers of Old Unuvi associated each point of vowel articulation with a gender. ⟨i⟩ was associated with the green gender, ⟨a⟩ with the foreign gender and ⟨u⟩ with the heavenly gender.

Vowels in Old Unuvi

Vowels	Front	Back
Close	i i: ⟨i ii⟩
Open	ɯ ɯ: ⟨u uu⟩	a a: ⟨a aa⟩

Grammar

Pronouns

Old Unuvi had a set of pronouns with marked gender and grammatical person. The language did not mark number on the pronouns, but rather on verbs.

Pronouns in Old Unuvi

	Green	Foreign	Heavenly
1st Person	ngmiit	kpa	lluu
2nd Person	kngi	lar	thuum
3rd Person	ptii	ptaa	ptuu

Correlatives

Adding -kpam to the end of a pronoun created a demonstrative pronoun. First-person pronouns became proximal, second-person pronouns medial, and third-person pronouns distal.

Table of correlatives

		interrogative	demonstrative			quantifier
			proximal	medial	distal	assertive existential	elective/dubitative existential	universal	negatory	positive alternative
determiner		akpam	ngmiitkpam (G) kpakpam (F) lluukpam (H)	kngikpam (G) larkpam (F) thuumkpam (H)	ptiikpam (G) ptaakpam (F) ptuukpam (H)	lla	ptingma	thath	ingmiip	wuullu
pronoun	human					llangmuuth
	nonhuman					llapti
	out of two (dual)
	out of many (plural)
pro-adverb	location	kpama	itaa	kitaa	ptitaa	llaa
	source	kpamari	itaari	kitaari	ptitaari	llari
	goal	kpamathi	itaathi	kitaathi	ptitaathi	llathi
	time	kpamatha	itaatha	kitaatha	ptitaatha	llatha