Old Unuvi: Difference between revisions
Unuvun Rain (talk | contribs) |
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| colspan="2" | <center>lar</center> | | colspan="2" | <center>lar</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd Person (proximate) | ! 3rd Person {{H|"him right there"|(proximate)}} | ||
| ptii || ptaa || ptuu | | ptii || ptaa || ptuu | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd Person (obviative) | ! 3rd Person {{H|"him way over there"|(obviative)}} | ||
| rii || raa || ruu | | rii || raa || ruu | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| rowspan="5" | kngikpam (G)<br>larkpam (F/H) | | rowspan="5" | kngikpam (G)<br>larkpam (F/H) | ||
| rowspan="5" | ptiikpam (G)<br>ptaakpam (F)<br> ptuukpam (H) | | rowspan="5" | ptiikpam (G)<br>ptaakpam (F)<br> ptuukpam (H) | ||
| | | {{H|3rd person proximal became the distal demonstrative, while 3rd person obviative became the assertive existential.|raakpam}} | ||
| ptingma | | ptingma | ||
| thath | | thath | ||
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! rowspan="4" | pronoun | ! rowspan="4" | pronoun | ||
! human | ! human | ||
| {{H|some + head| | | {{H|some + head|raangmuuth}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! nonhuman | ! nonhuman | ||
| {{H|some + thing| | | {{H|some + thing|raapti}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| kitaa | | kitaa | ||
| ptitaa | | ptitaa | ||
| | | raaqaa | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| kitaari | | kitaari | ||
| ptitaari | | ptitaari | ||
| | | raari | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| kitaathi | | kitaathi | ||
| ptitaathi | | ptitaathi | ||
| | | raathi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| kitaatha | | kitaatha | ||
| ptitaatha | | ptitaatha | ||
| | | raatha | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Revision as of 14:53, 20 November 2019
Old Unuvi is the oldest form of the Unuvi language, attested in documents from the 84th century.
Phonology
Consonants
| Consonants | Bilabial | Dental | Velar | Uvular |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Vowels
Speakers of Old Unuvi associated each point of vowel articulation with a gender. ⟨i⟩ was associated with the green gender, ⟨a⟩ with the foreign gender and ⟨u⟩ with the heavenly gender.
| Vowels | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
Grammar
Formality
Old Unuvi lacked the complicated formality system that the later evolutions of Unuvi would come to have. The Heavenly gender of Old Unuvi would eventually be co-opted into being the means by which formality was displayed.
Grammatical number
Old Unuvi had a complex grammatical number system where one could attach clitics and conjugate verbs to specify an arbitrary 2n number of items. In addition, there was a generic plural form that would later be usurped by the octuple clitic.
Pronouns
Old Unuvi had a set of pronouns with marked gender and grammatical person. The language did not mark number on the pronouns, but rather on verbs. Regular suffixes could be attached to pronouns to form their dual, quadruple, octuple, etc. forms.
| Green | Foreign | Heavenly | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | |||
| 2nd Person | kngi | ||
| 3rd Person (proximate) | ptii | ptaa | ptuu |
| 3rd Person (obviative) | rii | raa | ruu |
Correlatives
Adding -kpam to the end of a pronoun created a demonstrative pronoun[1]. First-person pronouns became proximal, second-person pronouns medial, and third-person pronouns distal.
| interrogative | demonstrative | quantifier | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| proximal | medial | distal | assertive existential | elective/dubitative existential |
universal | negatory | positive alternative | |||
| determiner | akpam | ngmiitkpam (G/F/H) | kngikpam (G) larkpam (F/H) |
ptiikpam (G) ptaakpam (F) ptuukpam (H) |
raakpam | ptingma | thath | ingmiip | wuullu | |
| pronoun | human | raangmuuth | ||||||||
| nonhuman | raapti | |||||||||
| out of two (dual) | ||||||||||
| out of many (plural) | ||||||||||
| pro-adverb | location | kpama | itaa | kitaa | ptitaa | raaqaa | ||||
| source | kpamari | itaari | kitaari | ptitaari | raari | |||||
| goal | kpamathi | itaathi | kitaathi | ptitaathi | raathi | |||||
| time | kpamatha | itaatha | kitaatha | ptitaatha | raatha | |||||